Vancouver style of refeneces

Vancouver style (uniform requirements for
manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals)


Vancouver, a "numbered" style, follows rules established by the International
Committee of Medical Journal Editors <http://www.icmje.org/>. It
is also known as: Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical
Journals.
Examples on this page:

1. In-text Citing
   
2. References
   
   
   1. Journal articles
      
   2. Books and book chapters
      
   3. Conferences & Conference proceedings
      
   4. Electronic sources
      
   5. CD-ROM/DVD
      
   6. Journal article on the Internet
      
   7. Book/Monograph on the Internet
      
   8. Web site
      
   
   </li>
   
3. Example of a reference list
   
4. Abbreviations
   
5. Further information
   

1. In-text Citing


A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it is cited in the
text. If the source is referred to again, the same number is used. Example:
...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead"
[1]: which is well documented in the literature. [2-5] This proves that "the
darkest days were still ahead". [1]


The author's name can also be integrated into the text eg. Scholtz [2] has
argued that...

• either square [ ] or curved brackets ( ) can be used as long as it is consistent.
  
• superscripts can also be used rather than brackets eg. ...was discovered.
  1,3
  
• numbers should be inserted to the left of colons and semi-colons.
  
• full stops are placed either before or after the reference number - check
  with your department/tutor/journal publisher to determine their preference.
  Whatever format is chosen, it is important that the punctuation is consistently
  applied to the whole document.
  

2. References


References are listed in numerical order in the Reference List at the end
of the paper: eg.

1. Smith SD, Jones, AD. Organ donation. N Engl J Med. 2001;657:230-5.
   
2. Brown JG. Asphyxiation. Med J Aust. 2003; 432:120-4.
   

Only examples for the most common publication types are listed below. For
a complete list consult Uniform requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical
Journals: Sample
References <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html>
2a. Journal Article:


Elements of a Citation: non continuous pagination
Author's surname Initials, Author's surname Initials. Title of article. Title
of Journal. [abbreviated]
Year of publication Month date;Volume Number(Issue number):page numbers.
Example:
Smithline HA, Mader TJ, Ali FM, Cocchi MN. Determining
pretest probability of DVT: clinical intuition vs. validated scoring systems.
N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 4;21(2):161-2.

• Journal titles are abbreviated (to decipher abbreviations see: PubMed
  Journals Database <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=journals>)
  
• Only first words of article title and words that normally begin with a
  capital letter are capitalised.
  
• First 6 authors are listed; thereafter add an et al. after the sixth author.
  
• If the journal has continuous page numbering, you may omit month/issue
  number
  

Example:
continuous pagination; more than 6 authors
Gao SR, McGarry M, Ferrier TL, Pallante B, Gasparrini
B, Fletcher JR, et al. Effect of cell confluence on production of cloned mice
using an inbred embryonic stem cell line. Biol Reprod. 2003;68(2):595-603.

2b Books:


Elements of a Citation:
Author/Editor/Compiler's surname Initials. Title of the book. # ed.[if not
1st] Place of publication: Publisher's name; Year of publication.

• Only first words of the article title and words that normally begin with
  a capital letter are capitalised.
  

Personal author:

Example:
Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology.
3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004.

Edited book:

• add editor or editors after the name/s
  

Example:
Brown AM, Stubbs DW, editors. Medical physiology. New
York: Wiley; 1983.

Chapter in a book:


Elements of a Citation:
Author's surname Initials. Title of chapter. In: Editor's surname Initials, editor.
Title of the book. # ed.[if not 1st] Place of publication: Publisher's name;
Year of publication. p. #. [page numbers of chapter]

• Abbreviate page numbers to p. eg p. 12-25.
  
• Abbreviate numbers where appropriate eg p. 122-8.
  

Example:
Blaxter PS, Farnsworth TP. Social health and class inequalities.
In: Carter C, Peel JR, editors. Equalities and inequalities in health. 2nd
ed. London: Academic Press; 1976. p. 165-78.

2c. Conferences


Conference paper:
Elements of a citation:
Author's surname Initials. Title of paper. In: Editor's surname Initials, editor.
Title of the Conference; Date of conference; Place of publication: Publisher's
name; Year of Publication. p. page numbers.
Example:
Anderson JC. Current status of chorion villus biopsy.
In: Tudenhope D, Chenoweth J, editors. Proceedings of the 4th Congress of the
Australian Perinatal Society; 1986: Brisbane, Queensland: Australian Perinatal
Society; 1987. p. 190-6.

Conference proceedings: Example:
Harris AH, editor. Economics and health: 1997: Proceedings
of the 19th Australian Conference of Health Economists; 1997 Sep 13-14; Sydney,
Australia. Kensington, N.S.W.: School of Health Services Management, University
of New South Wales; 1998.

2d. Electronic sources


CD-Rom / DVD

• The format is added after the title eg. [DVD]
  

Example:
Collier L, Balows A, Sussman M, editors. Topley and
Wilson's microbiology and microbial infections [CD-ROM]. 9th ed. London: Arnold;
1998.

(i) Journal article on the internet
Elements of a Citation:
Author's surname Initials, Author's surname Initials. Title of article. Abbreviated
Title of Journal [serial on the Internet]. Year of publication Month day [cited
Year Month Day];Volume Number(Issue number):[about number of pages or screens].
Available from: URL

• Only cite month/day if applicable
  
• Can list either pages or screens
  

Example:
Aylin P, Bottle A, Jarman B, Elliott, P. Paediatric
cardiac surgical mortality in England after Bristol: descriptive analysis of
hospital episode statistics 1991-2002. BMJ [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Oct
9;[cited 2004 October 15]; 329:[about 10 screens]. Available from: http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/329/7470/825

(ii) Book/Monograph on the Internet Example:
Donaldson MS, editor. Measuring the quality of health
care [monograph on the internet]. Washington: National Academy Press; 1999
[cited 2004 Oct 8]. Available from: http://legacy.netlibrary.com/.

(iii) Web site / homepage
Elements of a citation:
Author/Editor/Organisation's name . Title of the page [homepage on the Internet].
Place of publication: Publisher's name; [updated yr month day; cited yr month
day]. Available from: (url)
Example:
HeartCentreOnline [homepage on the Internet]. Boca Raton,
FL: HeartCentreOnline, Inc.; c2000-2004 [updated 2004 May 23; cited 2004 Oct
15]. Available from: http://www.heartcenteronline.com/

(iv) Web Site/part of a Homepage:

• Add number of screens and title of page
  

Example:
American Medical Association [homepage on the Internet].
Chicago: The Association; c1995-2002 [cited 2005 Apr 20]. Group and Faculty
Practice Physicians; [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1736.html

Further information and examples are available from National Library of Medicine, Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation. Internet Supplement. 2001 (pdf
410kb)
2e. Other sources


For a list of other publication types consult Uniform
Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Sample References <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html>
Example of a Reference list

Example:
1. Miller DM, The wisdom of the eye. San Diego: Academic
Press; 2000

2. Rau JG, Wooten DC. Environmental impact analysis
handbook. New
York: McGraw-Hill; 1980.

3. Richardson AJ. Traffic planning and modelling: a twenty year perspective.
Aust Road Res. 1990;20(1):9-21.

4. Meyer MD. Public transportation in the 21st century. In: Gray GE, Hoel
LA, editors. Public transportation. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:
Prentice Hall; 1992. p. 636-653.

Abbreviations:


These are commonly used abbreviations:

• c. = circa (about, approximately)
  
• ch. = Chapter
  
• ed. = edition
  
• et al.. = and others
  
• fig; figs = figure(s)
  
• ill ills = illustrator(s)
  
• p. = page(s)
  
• para paras = paragraph(s)
  
• pt pts = part(s)
  
• rev = revised
  
• suppl = Supplement
  

Check journal abbreviations in: PubMed
Journals Database
5. Sources for further information:

• Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals:
  writing and editing for biomedical publication [homepage on the Internet].
  Philadelphia, PA:International Committee of Medical Journal Editors; [updated
  2003 Nov; cited 2004 Oct 9]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org/.
  
• Style manual for authors, editors and printers. 6th ed. Milton, Qld: John
  Wiley & Sons; 2002. Monash
  holdings
  
• Patrias K. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic
  citation. SUPPLEMENT: Internet Formats [monograph on the Internet]. Bethesda,
  MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National
  Institutes of Health; 2001 [cited 2007 May 23]. 106 p. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/formats/internet2001.pdf
  

great work . murad .
keep it up. thanks for sharing knowledge.

Safdar! Greetings!
Vancouver style.

I appreciate your piece of Referecing, but you know that our Hypos get very little from such staight foraward teaching, they need simplified versions, now I am giving one such example of refrence from a book in vancouver style, I think their poor digestive system will easily absorb it.

For a book the following information should be noted:
Author(s) (surname followed by initials).Title of book.Edition.Place; Publisher, year; total number of pages in the book and the range of pages of the book in which this particular topic appeared.

Suppose Professor Mohammad Jamil has written a book in 2007 at Peshawar and the book name is “survey methods in community medicine” the book is in its first edition. The total number of pages in the book is 500 and the particular topic “Questionnaire is a time tested tool for conducting a survey in a community” to which you want to refer appeared on page number 34.Professor Mohammad Jamil has given the task of publishing the book to Modern Press Islam Abad
Now, how you will give this reference.
1. Author’s last full name i.e. Jamil
2. Author’s first Name in initial or abbreviated form So for Mohammad we will take only M
3. Now give Title of book, which in our case is ‘Survey methods in community medicine’, note in step 3, we have to use minimum capitalization, as I have only capitalized Survey and left methods etc in small letters
4. Then give edition of the book, as in this case the edition is first
5. Then place of publication
6. Publisher's Name
7. Then year of publication
8. Number of total pages in the book
9. The Range or number of pages in which your particular topic, to which you want to refer appeared. Note if it is only one page then give that page number but if it is more than one page then give the range of pages for single page use p and for a range use pp
Jamil.M. Survey methods in community medicine, first edition. Islamabad; Modren Press, 2007; 500; 34

well done both of you, Safdar Murad and Dr Abuzar. you both are my wonderful students and I am proud of you both

Dear Sir!
If some one appllied a statistical test in this "Before-After" Pre- Experimental Study, to see the diffrenece in our knowledge before exposure to your lectures and after lectures, I am sure he will say that there is a significant difference after your intervention. This differenece will still be there even if p < 0.001
His conclusion will be that " The Teaching Was Effective"
I am Proud of you and will remain thanking you for the rest of my life.
I learned a lot from you but the knowledge gained in
1. Health Policy
2. Biostatistic
3. and Research
will remain unmatched. Sir, You will be happy to know that I have gone quite advance in Biostatistic and Research and am confident enough to talk on any topic related to these subjects.
Please! Convey My Regards to Bhabi
and Affection To Romaisa
I Pray; May You Live Long
I Pary; May You Remain Safe and Healthy
Ao Maldara Hum (This Part of Prayer is Directly Related to The Amount of $)
Yours Ever Loving Pupil
Dr Abu Zar
Coordinator DHIS
Nowshera

Thanks Dr Abuzar for the nice wishes.