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Public Health Forum

A Forum to discuss Public Health Issues in Pakistan

Welcome to the most comprehensive portal on Community Medicine/ Public Health in Pakistan. This website contains content rich information for Medical Students, Post Graduates in Public Health, Researchers and Fellows in Public Health, and encompasses all super specialties of Public Health. The site is maintained by Dr Nayyar R. Kazmi

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3 posters

    A study on Malaria

    Dr. Zubair
    Dr. Zubair


    Leo Number of posts : 488
    Age : 44
    Registration date : 2008-06-07

    A study on Malaria Empty A study on Malaria

    Post by Dr. Zubair Thu Jun 04, 2009 8:26 am












    A study on Malaria E_newsrelease2_r1_c1

    A study on Malaria E_newsrelease2_r2_c1
    For Immediate Release: May 8, 2009
    Media Contact: Tim Parsons at 410-955-6878

    A study on Malaria E_newsrelease2_r4_c1

    A study on Malaria E_newsrelease2_r2_c1


    Bacteria Play Role in Preventing Spread of Malaria


    Microbes in Mosquito Gut Stimulate Immune Response Against Malaria Parasite

    Bacteria in the gut of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito inhibit infection of the insect with Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria in humans, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Scientists with the Bloomberg School’s Malaria Research Institute found that removing these bacteria, or microbial flora, with antibiotics made the mosquitoes more susceptible to Plasmodium infection because of a lack of immune stimulation. Their study is published in the May 8, 2009, edition of the journal PLoS Pathogens.

    As part of the malaria transmission cycle, a mosquito acquires the malaria-causing parasite when it feeds on blood from an infected person. The parasite develops within the mosquito and can then be transmitted to another human when the mosquito feeds again.

    “Our study suggests that the microbial flora of mosquitoes is stimulating immune activity that protects the mosquito from Plasmodium infection. The same immune factors that are needed to control the mosquito’s infection from the microbes are also defending against the malaria parasite Plasmodium,” said George Dimopoulos, PhD, senior author of the study and associate professor with Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute. “The interplay between bacteria and the mosquito’s immune system may have significant implications for the transmission of malaria in the field where mosquitoes may be exposed to different types of bacteria in different regions. Theoretically, these bacteria could be introduced to the mosquitoes to boost their immunity to the malaria parasite and make them resistant and incapable of spreading the disease. Our current research aims at identifying those bacteria that trigger the strongest mosquito immune defense against the malaria parasite.”

    As part of the study, the Johns Hopkins researcher treated mosquitoes with antibiotics to kill the gut bacteria. Treated mosquitoes were more susceptible to infection by Plasmodium when feeding on infected blood compared to mosquitoes that were not treated with antibiotics. To further verify the results, bacteria-free mosquitoes were infected with bacteria to determine if they were less susceptible to Plasmodium infection.

    In addition, the researchers determined that mosquitoes infected with bacteria died earlier than mosquitoes without bacteria when infected with Plasmodium; 60 percent of the mosquitoes with gut-bacteria died compared to 40 percent of those free of bacteria—even with Plasmodium levels five times higher than those with bacteria.

    “The malaria parasite must live in the mosquito for about two weeks in order to complete its life cycle and be transmitted to a person. The fact that these bacteria shorten the mosquito’s life span is additional good news,” said Dimopoulos.

    Malaria kills over one million people worldwide each year; the majority of deaths are among children living in Africa.

    The study on the “Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites” was published by Yuemei Dong, Fabio Manfredini and George Dimopoulos. The research was supported by the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health.

    A study on Malaria E_newsrelease2_r2_c1

    ©️ 2009, Johns Hopkins University, all rights reserved.
    Web policies, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore MD 21205-2179, 410-955-6878
    Dr Abu Zar Taizai
    Dr Abu Zar Taizai


    Aries Number of posts : 1163
    Age : 58
    Location : Pabbi Nowshera
    Job : Co-ordinator DHIS: District NowsheraAnd Coordinator Public Health
    Registration date : 2008-03-09

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by Dr Abu Zar Taizai Thu Jun 11, 2009 4:45 am

    That is Quite Interesting and New,Then I think the Researchers may exploit this Phenomenon of "Microbila Flora" to make the mosquitoes totally Immune of acquiring the plasmodial Infection.
    Dr. Zubair
    Dr. Zubair


    Leo Number of posts : 488
    Age : 44
    Registration date : 2008-06-07

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by Dr. Zubair Thu Jun 11, 2009 8:28 am

    I was waiting for something from Kamal or "the chief". Smile
    Dr Abu Zar Taizai
    Dr Abu Zar Taizai


    Aries Number of posts : 1163
    Age : 58
    Location : Pabbi Nowshera
    Job : Co-ordinator DHIS: District NowsheraAnd Coordinator Public Health
    Registration date : 2008-03-09

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by Dr Abu Zar Taizai Sun Jun 14, 2009 2:43 pm

    My Interests are Many in the MPH Subjects,But Malaria and Health Policy will always remain on the "TOP" Here I will quote a good urdu Poetry in this Connection
    Na Ga'ee Teray Ghamoo'n Ki Sardari
    Yoo'n To Dil Main Roz Inqilab Aayay

    Wish You All The Best in The Coming Exam,
    Yours Brotherly,
    Dr Abu Zar
    The Saint
    The Saint
    Admin


    Sagittarius Number of posts : 2444
    Age : 51
    Location : In the Fifth Dimension
    Job : Consultant in Paediatric Emergency Medicine, NHS, Kent, England, UK
    Registration date : 2007-02-22

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by The Saint Sun Jun 14, 2009 9:25 pm

    There has already been considerable research in this regard. In my lecture on Malaria, I had shown them a video about the research carried out by University of Kent, UK whose scientists have successfully isolated a docking gene, which when introduced into the breeding mosquitoes, reduces the cellular life span of mosquito tissues and hence the life span of mosquito is shortened. Since it is a gene therapy therapy the traits are carried on in mosquito offsprings and all coming generations of that mosquito have shortened life span, an average of 12 days which is less than 15 days which is required by the sexual cycle of Plasmodia.

    Hence even if these mosquitoes get infected by humans, still they die before they are able to transmit that infection to other humans
    Dr. Zubair
    Dr. Zubair


    Leo Number of posts : 488
    Age : 44
    Registration date : 2008-06-07

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by Dr. Zubair Mon Jun 15, 2009 7:47 am

    Super info. ! ..

    Is there anything like this trait will definitely appear in the offspring or there are some chances of this charatcter remaining suppressed in offsprings ?
    The Saint
    The Saint
    Admin


    Sagittarius Number of posts : 2444
    Age : 51
    Location : In the Fifth Dimension
    Job : Consultant in Paediatric Emergency Medicine, NHS, Kent, England, UK
    Registration date : 2007-02-22

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by The Saint Mon Jun 15, 2009 9:27 am

    As far as the research in University of Kent is concerned they have studied Mosquito generations over three years now all with shortened life span. There is however a theoritical probability of mutations in the docking genes over repeated generations leading to a suppression of the gene or modification of the genes, bt still the study is still going on, it will be inconclusive to say anything with certainity. But still it is a considerable degree of hope
    Dr. Zubair
    Dr. Zubair


    Leo Number of posts : 488
    Age : 44
    Registration date : 2008-06-07

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by Dr. Zubair Mon Jun 15, 2009 10:52 am

    Sir, Is that video uploaded on the website? if not, please somehow upload it or please pot its link.
    Dr Abu Zar Taizai
    Dr Abu Zar Taizai


    Aries Number of posts : 1163
    Age : 58
    Location : Pabbi Nowshera
    Job : Co-ordinator DHIS: District NowsheraAnd Coordinator Public Health
    Registration date : 2008-03-09

    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

    Post by Dr Abu Zar Taizai Mon Jun 15, 2009 8:27 pm

    The information Given by our Teacher regarding the shortening of Mosquito's life is a very hopefull break-through and also an interesting one.If you have a CD or some notes kindly share with us.
    Sir,
    I liked one of your Short film, in which the Plasmodia were invading the RBCs and afterwards their release from the RBCs were also shown in that film.This was the most amazing thing about Malaria, Which I chanced to see in Abasyn.

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    A study on Malaria Empty Re: A study on Malaria

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