Detailed Course Contents of MPH

Organizational management in Health Care

1. History and Time Line of Management Sciences
2. Basic Organizational Theories (Theory X, Theory Y, Theory Z, Contingency Theory)
3. Management by Objectives
4. Basic Managerial Functions in Health Sciences
5. Motivation and Leadership in Health Care
6. Coordinating Functions in Health Care
7. Delegation Functions
8. Practical managerial Skills ( Listening)
9. Practical managerial Skills (Writing)
10. Practical managerial skills (Public Speaking)
11. Concepts of team Management in Health Care Services
12. Conflict Management
13. Report Writing
14. Management in multi-cultural environments
15. Management of Problematic Employees in Health Care Services


Health Economics


1. Basic Concepts in Health Economics
2. Supply and Demand
3. Concept of Price and Costs and Market
4. Price Elasticity of Demand
5. Income Elasticity of Demand
6. Market failure in Health
7. Production Possibility Frontiers
8. Cost Benefit Analysis
9. Cost Effectiveness Analysis
10. Cost Utility Analysis
11. Cost Minimization
12. Law of Diminishing Marginal returns
13. Costing of Health Care Services
14. Fixed Costs, Variable Costs, Marginal Costs
15. Financing of Health care Services (Subsidies, Private Insurance, Social Insurance, User Fees, national Health Accounts, Health Vouchers System etc)
16. Public Private Partnerships

Health Care Planning

1. Definition and Types of Planning
2. Strategic Planning of Health care Services
3. Broader Frameworks of Health care Planning
4. Situational Analysis
5. Problem Identifications and Priority Settings
6. Settings of Goals, Aims, Objectives and Targets
7. Options Appraisal techniques
8. Documentation of Projects
9. PC-1/Proposal/ Grants Writing
10. Implementation Techniques (Gantt Charts, P.E.R.T, Networking Diagrams)
11. Monitoring Methodologies
12. Evaluation in health care Planning

Subject: Hospital Management

1. Definition of Hospital, Types of hospitals, and significance of hospital management.
2. Planning and Construction Issues in Hospital Design
3. Bed Planning
Problems within a hospital in context of all constituent departments of a hospital
Professionalization of Medical Services
Services rendered by ,medical, nursing, paramedical services, house keeping, services provided by ward attendants
4. Nursing Issues in Hospital
5. Management of Laboratory Services in Hospitals and their Issues
6. Management of Radiology Services in Hospitals and their Issues
7. Professionalism in Hospital Management I: Introduction, essential requirements for making hospital management professional, appropriate departmentation ( Finance, Administration, Stores, Inventory, Public Relations, Medical Records Sections), internal information system
8. Professionalism in Hospital Management II: Medical Audit, Ward Planning and Management, Training and educational needs for hospital personnel.
9. Hospital Waste Management
10. Organizational Environment: Organization, decision making, transfers, complaints
11. Theories of Management: Theory X, Theory Y, Management by Objectives, Herzberg Hygiene Theory
12. Organizational Environment II: Environment, impact of politicians, drug adulterations, utilization of equipment, problem of idle equipment
13. Purchase Systems for Hospitals and Hospital Inventory Management
14. Collective Bargaining in Hospitals
15. Transactional Analysis and Human Relations in Hospital
16. Importance of Teamwork in Hospitals and Computers in Hospitals

Subject: Health Human Resources Management

1. Health Human Resource Management: Evolution of personnel management and its role in hospitals
2. Strategic HR Management
3. Organizing the Personnel Department
4. Manpower Planning: Nature and Scope, Objectives, Planning steps, Work load ratios
5. Recruitment, selection and Induction
6. Fundamentals of Organization Behaviour: Working with people, Motivation, Job satisfaction, Unions, Organizational Climate
7. Training and Management Development
8. Wage and Salary Administration
9. Employee Performance Appraisal
10. Employee Induction Issues
11. Employee Retention Issues
12. HR Audit
13. Communication, system, reward, stress and strain
14. Working Conditions, Safety, Welfare and Employees Health Services
15. Promotions, Transfers and Seperations
16. Communications in HRM
17. Discipline and Disciplinary Actions
18. Personnel Audit and Organization Development
19. Diversity and equal Opportunity Employment


Epidemiology

1. Introduction to Epidemiology: Definitions and Vital Statistics
2. Rates, Ratios and Proportions
3. Distribution and Dynamics of Diseases and Health Problems
Epidemiological Study Designs
4. Odds ratio, Risk, Relative Risk, Attributable Risk, Numbers Needed to Treat
5. Incidence and Prevalence
6. Concept of Causality and Association
7. Clinical Trial Design and Estimation of Risk
8. Outbreak Investigation.
9. Screening and Evaluation of Diagnostic tests
10. Quality Adjusted Life Years and Disability Adjusted Life Years
11. Standardized Mortality Ratios
12. Sensitivity Analysis and Decision Making
13. Survival Analysis
14. Standardization of rates. Bias in Epidemiological Studies


Research methods

1. Definition of Research and Types of research
Qualitative Research- An Overview
2. Quantiativae Research
3. Definition of Research Problem
4. How to conduct a Literature Review
5. Setting of Objectives of Research Study
6. Variables Definitions and Operational Definitions
7. Setting Research Methods (Inclusion, Exclusion Criteria)
Questionnaire Development and data collection
8. Data Analysis and Choosing Appropriate statistics
9. Discussion of Study findings
10. Synopsis Writing
11. Methods of Writing Research Dissertation
12. References Writing Styles
13. Protocol Development. Critical review and technical writing


Biostatistics

1. Definition of Biostatistics
2. Definition of Variables
3. Parameters and Statistic
4. Measures of Central tendency and Dispersion ( mean, Median, Mode, range Standard Deviation)
5. Probability Distribution and Normal Probability Curve
6. Sampling and Sampling Distribution
7. Sample Size Estimation
8. Null Hypothesis and Hypothesis Testing
9. Type 1 and Type 2 Errors
10. Chi Square test, t test, ANOVA, z scores
11. Fischer exact Test, Mann Whitney U test, Kolgomirov Smirnov test
12. Correlation and regression Analysis.


Public Health Nutrition

1. What is Public Health Nutrition. The Concept of Geissen Declaration.
2. Designing Nutrition Intervention programs. The Intervention Matrix.
3. Nutrition and Health. How are they related. Global and Economic burden of Malnutrition and its reasons
4. World Food Programme. History, important achievements and its role in Nutritional disasters.
5. Malnutrition in South Asia. Reasons and ways to fight.
6. Malnutrition in Children. How to assess. Role of anthropometric measurements, Food Taboos. Reasons of Malnutrition in children in Pakistan.
7. Management of Nutrition in Major disasters.
8. Nutrition and Disease with special reference to dietary habits and diseases like Cardiovascular Disorders, Cancer, Diabetes.
9. Safe Water. Its importance, ways to purify water and water borne diseases.
10. Conducting Nutrition Surveys. Pakistan National Nutrition Survey and Pakistan Integrated household survey.
11. Obesity. Etiology. Role of Fast Foods, Junk Foods, beverages etc.
12. Major nutritional problems in Pakistan. Iron deficiency Anemia, Vitamin D Deficiency, Iodine Deficiency. Public Health Measures to tackle these problems.
13. Nutritional Surveillance of vulnerable groups: women, children and the elderly.
14. Food and Nutrition Politics, Legislation and Policy
15. Food Safety and Food Safety Legislation in Pakistan
16. Inspectioin of Public Food Places
17. How to detect Fresh and Rotten Food Items
18. Food Preservation Methods
19. Important tests to detect bad food
20. Genetically Modeified Food and its public health importance

Health Education and Promotion


1. Introduction to health Education and Promotion
2. Principles and Components of health Promotion
3. Understanding Human Behaviour, behavioral intention and enabling factors, Social Pressures, Knowledge, beliefs, Attitudes, Culture and the BASNEF model
4. Essentials of Communication, Face to Face communications [Focus group Discussions, counseling
5. Participatory Learning and Education
Developing IEC (Information, Education, Counseling) Materials
6. PRECEDE and PROCEED Models of Health Education
7. Behavior Change Communication
8. Designing effective Community health Education programs
9. Basics of working with Electronic and Print media for Health Education and Promotion
10. Advocacy tools for Health Education and Promotion
11. School Health Services and the FRESH Framework
12. Creativity in Health Education Program Designing


Primary Health Care

1. History of Primary Health Care, Definitions, Alma-Ata Charter and Declaration
2. Principles of Primary Health Care
3. Components of Primary Health Care
4. Primary Health Care History in Pakistan
5. Primary Health Care Set Up in Pakistan and its management
6. Current deficiencies of Primary Health Care in Pakistan and South Asia
7. How to set up a local Primary Health Care program
8. National Program of Family Planning and Primary Health Care- concept, practice and contemporary issues.
9. Basic Health Unit Set up and related issues
10. Drugs management at a Primary Health Care set up
11. Prevention and management of local endemic diseases- Malaria, Hepatitis, Gastroenteritis, TB, Typhoid, Dog bites.
12. Improving Primary Health Care. The role of community, public private partnerships.
13. Presidents Primary Health Care Initiative and the Rahim Yar Khan Primary Health Care Project.

Maternal and Child Health

1. Understanding what is MCH. What people think about it and what we the technical people think.
2. MCH structure in Pakistan and South Asia
3. Components of Maternal Health: Female literacy, Gender empowerment, Reproductive Health needs, Basic and emergency obstetric care, Micronutrient support.
4. Components of Child Health: Nutritional support, Control of Diarhheal Diseases, Control of Acute Respiratory Infections, Immunizations and the WHO concept of GOBI-FFF
5. Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses
6. Role of midwives in Maternal and Child Health- Appropriate technology for third world countries.
7. Saving Newborn Lives initiative.
8. Maternal and Neonatal Child Health Program in Pakistan
9. How to improve the Maternal and Child Health Programs.

Non-Communicable Diseases

1. Asthma: Magnitude of problems, causes, issues, prevention and control
2. Diabetis Melitus: Magnitude of problems, causes, issues, prevention and control
3. Cardiovascular Diseases: Magnitude of problems, causes, issues, prevention and control
4. Tobacco Smoking: Magnitude of problems, causes, issues, prevention and control
5. Cancer: Magnitude of problems, causes, issues, prevention and control
6. Obesity Control and weight management
7. Public Health Genomics
8. Mental Health Problems and contemporary Issues
9. Domestic Violence
10. Road Traffic Accidents and Unintentional Injuries


Communicable Diseases Control

1. Polio Eradication Program, its management and failures.
2. Hepatitis B, C Prevention, Control and its programs in Pakistan
3. Tuberculosis and the National TB Control Program
4. Malaria, Lesichmaniasis and Dengue and the Roll Back Malaria Program and other arthropod borne infections (Dengue)
5. HIV/ AIDS and the National HIV/ AIDS Control Program
6. Measles Control in Children and National EPI Program
7. Investigation of an Outbreak
8. Snake and Dog Bites Control 9.
10. Some other infectious diseases of Public Health Importance.
11. Plague Control
12. Infectious Skin Disorders


Occupational and Environmental Health

1. What is Occupational Health
2. Concept of Ergonomics
3. Occupational health hazards and dangerous occupations.
4. Occupational Diseases: Bysinosis, Bagasosis, Asbestosis, Coal workers Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Bird Flu, Anthrax
5. Occupational Health legislation
Functions of Occupational Health Service
6. OHSA (Occupational and Health Safety Agency) and its Role
7. Occupationally Dangerous Professions
8. Causes of Environmental pollution and Green House effect
9. Air Pollution
10. Noise Pollution
11. Reducing Environmental Hazards
12. Heat Stroke, Heat Exhaustion, Frost Bites
13. Environmental Protection: Role of EPA and Public Health Department.


International Health

1. International Health: International Health Requirements and vaccinations
2. International Health Regulations (Modeified 2005)
3. International Health Control Measures
4. Role of WHO and other international NGO’s.
5. International Health Travel Advisories
6. Airport and Sea Port Health Services
7. Bird Flu
8. Swine Flue
9. SARS
10. Radiation Leaks
11. Concept of Disaster Control and Mitigation
12. Types of Disasters and their effects on Public Health: Floods, Earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes, Nuclear Accidents.
13. Disaster preparedness

Health Policy

1. What is Health Policy
2. History of Health Policy Making in Pakistan- An Overview
3. Basics of Health Policy Making
4. Basic Models of Policy Making and Practical Grid of Policy Model Adaptation
5. Political Models in Policy Making
6. Concept of Power in Policy Making
7. Role of State and Private Sector in Health Policy Making
8. Strategic Planning as Policy Making
9. Devolution and Health
10. Research Gaps in Policy Making
11. Advocacy for Policy Change ion Health Services
12. National Health Policy. [Dynamics of Health Policy, Making of national Health Policy, Salient features of current national Health Policy 2009, Role of National Health Policy Unit, Ministry of Health]
13. Stake Holder Analysis [ Stake holder definitions, Identifying Stake Holders, estimating Stake Holder Powers, Bridging Stake holder gap, Advocacy and Pressure Groups]
14. Politics of Health [ Role of politics in Health, Political parties agendas related to Health, Politicians and Health, Community perspectives, politicians perspectives and Public and private Sector perspectives related to Health]
15. Political Opinion and Health politics [Political rhetoric and health, Devolution and its impact of Health, Role of street politicians in Health care delivery systems]
16. History of Pakistani Health Reforms [ Immediate Post independence era, Late 70’s and 80’s reforms, millienium reforms, Rahim Yar Khan Health Model, Gujrat Model]

Financial Management and Accounting

1. Introduction to Financial Management and Accounting- Types of Accounting
2. Key terms in Accounting
3. Financial Accounting
4. Basic Accounting Equation. Credits and Debits Concepts
5. Basic Accounting Cycle
6. Journals, Ledgers, Trial Balances
7. Balance Sheets and concepts of Assets, Equity and Liabilities
8. Government Accounting Procedures
9. Income Statements
10. Flow of Cash and Cash Flow Statements
11. Inventory Management
12. Contemporary Issues in Budgeting
13. Managerial Accounting
14. Auditing Standards
15. Auditing Procedures
16. Financial Analysis, Liquidity Ratios, Profitability Ratios, Solvency ratios
17. Depreciation
18. Understanding Major Investment Decisions