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CANCER PREVENTION
1. Primary prevention
a. Smoking cessation.
b. High vegetable, fruit and grain, low fat diet.
c. Eliminate exposure to asbestos products.
d. Limit exposure to high intensity sunlight.
e. Reduce exposure to chemical carcinogens, e.g., pesticides.
f. Hepatitis B vaccination.
g. Test homes for radon and reduce levels where high.
h. Reduce sexual risk behavior of multiple partners.
2. Secondary prevention—early diagnosis
a. Lung cancer: Screening by X-ray and or pulmonary cytology is not currently cost-effective nor does it contribute to improved outcome of lung cancer.
b. Breast examination: monthly self-examination, and mammography every 2–3 years for women aged 40–50 and annually or more frequently for those over 50. High risk populations are white women of higher socioeconomic status over age 40, low or zero parity, women with family history of breast cancer, benign breast lesions, or previous breast cancer.
c. Colo-rectal cancer: rectal examination annually for men and women over age 45, including stools for occult blood (three samples), and sigmoidoscopy for high risk persons over age 50. High risk groups include those over age 45 and persons with colitis, familial polyposis, or familial cancer of the colon.
d. Cervical cancer: screening by Pap smear to detect neoplasia is cost-effective especially for high risk groups. Recommended for screening by the 1996 U.S. Task Force every 1–3 years depending on the following risk factors:
i. Sexually active women;
ii. Low socioeconomic status;
iii. Prison inmates or prostitutes;
iv. History of STDs;
v. Early onset of sexual intercourse;
vi. Multiple partners;
vii. Previous induced abortions;
viii. Previous squamous cell dysplasia;
ix. Unmarried mothers.
Source: Adapted from Canadian Task Force on Screening (1994) and U.S. Task Force on
Screening (1996).
http://ifile.it/to5svh8
CANCER PREVENTION
1. Primary prevention
a. Smoking cessation.
b. High vegetable, fruit and grain, low fat diet.
c. Eliminate exposure to asbestos products.
d. Limit exposure to high intensity sunlight.
e. Reduce exposure to chemical carcinogens, e.g., pesticides.
f. Hepatitis B vaccination.
g. Test homes for radon and reduce levels where high.
h. Reduce sexual risk behavior of multiple partners.
2. Secondary prevention—early diagnosis
a. Lung cancer: Screening by X-ray and or pulmonary cytology is not currently cost-effective nor does it contribute to improved outcome of lung cancer.
b. Breast examination: monthly self-examination, and mammography every 2–3 years for women aged 40–50 and annually or more frequently for those over 50. High risk populations are white women of higher socioeconomic status over age 40, low or zero parity, women with family history of breast cancer, benign breast lesions, or previous breast cancer.
c. Colo-rectal cancer: rectal examination annually for men and women over age 45, including stools for occult blood (three samples), and sigmoidoscopy for high risk persons over age 50. High risk groups include those over age 45 and persons with colitis, familial polyposis, or familial cancer of the colon.
d. Cervical cancer: screening by Pap smear to detect neoplasia is cost-effective especially for high risk groups. Recommended for screening by the 1996 U.S. Task Force every 1–3 years depending on the following risk factors:
i. Sexually active women;
ii. Low socioeconomic status;
iii. Prison inmates or prostitutes;
iv. History of STDs;
v. Early onset of sexual intercourse;
vi. Multiple partners;
vii. Previous induced abortions;
viii. Previous squamous cell dysplasia;
ix. Unmarried mothers.
Source: Adapted from Canadian Task Force on Screening (1994) and U.S. Task Force on
Screening (1996).
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